The occurrence of diabetes of any kind is caused by the fact that glucose is not fully or partially absorbed in the human body, which leads to many unpleasant and sometimes irreversible consequences. Under normal conditions, the pancreas (PZH) automatically releases the hormone insulin into the bloodstream as soon as glucose appears in the blood, and the body's cells use it to "absorb" sugar. In diabetics, this process is disturbed for various reasons.
Type 1 diabetes
Typically, type 1 diabetes occurs in early childhood and adolescence. The pancreas stops producing insulin because the beta cells of the "islets of Langerhans" in which it is produced completely or partially die. Sometimes clinical diabetes type 1 begins after severe viral infections, and according to scientists, the immune system is to blame for this "failure".
Some dangerous viruses are very similar in structure to pancreatic beta cells, and the immune system destroys them along with extraterrestrial viruses. It is impossible to renew the cells that produce insulin, so for diabetics, the only way to improve metabolism is lifelong control of blood sugar levels and timely use of insulin.
type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes usually develops in adulthood and old age. Very often, its occurrence is associated with obesity, although it sometimes occurs in hereditary predisposition, as well as after taking certain medications. Type 2 diabetes can develop on the background of chronic diseases of the pancreas or during pregnancy. Even if the pancreas of such patients produces enough insulin, it is slower than necessary. As a result, cells do not have time to use up all their glucose, and its level rises.
Another reason for glycemia in type 2 diabetes is a decrease in tissue sensitivity to the hormone insulin. Doctors call this disorder "insulin resistance". Simply put, they lack a normal amount, which is primarily related to obesity.
Gestational diabetes
One type of type 2 diabetes is gestational diabetes or gestational diabetes. The pancreas of a pregnant woman produces a normal amount of insulin, but the sensitivity of the tissue to it is reduced due to the presence of "pregnancy hormones" in the blood. It usually occurs in 20-24 weeks and lasts until childbirth, after which the metabolism improves on its own. However, sometimes, under the guise of gestational diabetes, DM 1 begins, and it happens that DM 2 appears in the background of pregnancy, the presence of which the woman did not suspect.